منابع مشابه
International Challenges of Smart Cities
The world’s urban population is expected to be proliferated due to raised use of energy, increased air pollution, increasing traffic in urban areas, increasing usage of food, and reduced food production. There are numerous available solutions in this field, but achieving smart cities is one the furthermost effective ways. Smart city has improved ICT infrastructure as a versatile, reliable, chan...
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Horst Rittel defined his wicked problems theory to differentiate wicked problems, which are open-ended and controversial, from tame problems, which have a single correct solution. Rittel identified ten properties of wicked problems but did not indicate if all of these properties needed to hold before something could be deemed wicked. Failure to correctly classify a problem as wicked is likely t...
متن کاملFacing up to wicked problems
The complexity and value-laden nature of sustainable development as shown in the previous sections provide examples of wicked problems. Creating solutions to these require new modes of thinking and new ways of working. Here we refl ect on some of the theoretical insights and how these play out in practice. Much of this is in its infancy and the pathways to maturity will take time and considerab...
متن کاملWicked Problems in Public Policy
101 * This paper is a revised version of a presentation to the Australian Public Policy Network conference, 29–30 January 2008. The author thanks many colleagues who have helped in the further clarification of these ideas, including John Alford, Alan Fenna, Patrick Weller, Andrew Podger, and the anonymous referees for this journal — none of whom bears any responsibility for errors. © 2008 Curti...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Smart Cities
سال: 2019
ISSN: 2624-6511
DOI: 10.3390/smartcities2040031